Qu extranjeros no pueden ajustar su estatus

Qu extranjeros no pueden ajustar su estatus El ajuste de estatus significa que un extranjero que se encuentra ya en Estados Unidos puede adquirir la tarjeta de residencia - tambiã ©n conocida como green card-sin necesidad de salir del paã ­s. En este artã ­culo se explica quã © personas extranjeras no pueden ajustar su estatus y, finalmente, cules child las consecuencias de ello (que pueden ser muy malas). Pero no a tasks los extranjeros se les permite beneficiarse del ajuste de estatus Quiã ©nes no pueden beneficiarse del ajuste de estatus En preliminary lugar, los extranjeros que ingresaron en estados unidos con una visa de tripulaciã ³n o trabajador de cruceros C1/D. En segundo lugar, los migrantes que entraron al paã ­s sin pasar por el control de Inmigraciã ³n y, por lo tanto, sin haber sido admitidos o parole. Lo major de este punto es entender que las personas que llegan an Estados Unidos despuã ©s de cruzar ilegalmente la frontera no podrn en el futuro obtener una tarjeta de residencia mediante un ajuste de estatus. Ni siquiera en los casos en los que se casen con ciudadanos americanos o tengan hijos mayores de 21 aã ±os en este paã ­s. En tercer lugar, los extranjeros que han trabajado en Estados Unidos sin estar autorizados por no tener permiso de trabajo o visa que les permita laborar. Si el USCIS tiene conocimiento de que se ha trabajado, denegar la peticiã ³n de ajuste de estatus. En cuarto lugar, las personas que ingresaron an Estados Unidos con una visa no inmigrante y no la han mantenido. Por ejemplo, un turista que se quedã ³ ms tiempo del permitido (turistas con visa, mirar el I-94). Esta persona no podr ajustar su estatus excepto cuando se trate del esposo/a, madre/padre, viudo/an o hijo/a soltero menor de 21 aã ±os de un ciudadano americano. En este punto resaltar que la persona con visa no inmigrante que la deja expirar y se casa con un residente permanente no podr beneficiarse del ajuste de estatus. En estos casos la opciã ³n es esperar hasta que el cã ³nyuge residente se convierta en ciudadano por naturalizaciã ³n o, en el caso de que la estadã ­a ilegal ocean menor a los 180 dã ­as, salir del paã ­s e iniciar un proceso consular de peticiã ³n de recognizable. La espera podr ser larga. En quinto lugar, los titulares de una visa de intercambio J-1 o J-2.Cuando se les acaba las visas, estas personas deben salir de Estados Unidos por un periodo de dos aã ±os, a menos que se les conceda un perdã ³n o excepciã ³n conocida como waiver. En sexto lugar, los extranjeros que llegaron an Estados Unidos sin visado por pertenecer an un paã ­s acogido al Programa de Excenciã ³n de Visas. Estas personas pueden estar en el paã ­s un mximo de 90 dã ­as y no pueden ni extender su estadã ­a ni solicitar una visa. Deben necesariamente salir. La à ºnica excepciã ³n es cuando se solicita un ajuste de estatus a su nombre por ser el esposo o la mujer o el viudo/a de un ciudadano americano o begetter o hijo soltero menor de 21 aã ±os de un estadounidense. En sã ©ptimo lugar, las personas que llegaron al paã ­s con una visa K-1 por ser el prometido/a de un ciudadano. Y los hijos de aquellos que tienen una K-2, cuando no se celebra el matrimonio con el estadounidense que solicitã ³ el visado en los 90 dã ­as siguientes su ingreso en Estados Unidos. Quedarse sin casarse es una violaciã ³n migratoria. Y en octavo lugar, los extranjeros con visas An, E o G o que tengan profesiones que les permitirã ­an tenerlas. Si bien se admiten excepciones por lo que las personas en esta categorã ­a deberã ­an consultar con un abogado o un representante acreditado. Por quã © es tan importante poder ajustar el estatus El ajuste de estatus es importante por dos razones: Ahorra dinero, al poder obtener la residencia sin necesidad de salir de EEUU.Evita que entre en aplicaciã ³n el castigo de los tres y diez aã ±os para las personas que han estado ilegalmente en Estados Unidos por ms de 180 dã ­as. Y aquã ­ est su gran importancia. Por ejemplo, si un inmigrante cruza ilegalmente la frontera y despuã ©s de unos aã ±os se casa de buena fe con un ciudadano y tiene hijos nacidos en este paã ­s se encuentra con un gran problema. En teorã ­a puede obtener los papeles porque su esposo/a ciudadano le puede pedir. Y, de hecho, la parte inicial de los trmites se va an aprobar. El problema aparece cuando le dicen que no puede ajustar su estatus y que tiene que salir de Estados Unidos y una vez fuera seguir la tramitaciã ³n en un consulado americano.Y ahã ­ le aplican el castigo de los tres y diez aã ±os. Y no siempre va a ser posible pedir un perdã ³n. Y aã ºn cuando fuera posible, no siempre se consigue. Y aã ºn consiguiã ©ndolo, se demora y hace que las familias estã ©n separadas por mucho tiempo. Por ello, si se est en una situaciã ³n en la que no se puede ajustar el estatus o se tiene dudas, risks de meter los papeles en Inmigraciã ³n es muy recomendable consultar con un abogado y tener muy claro cules child las opciones. Perdã ³n En algunos casos es posible pedir un perdã ³n para asã ­ poder obtener la green card. Adems, en los casos muy especã ­ficos de familiares inmediatos de ciudadanos que estn en USA y sã ³lo tienen el problema de que estn aquã ­ ilegalmente, verificar si se puede calificar para el perdã ³n temporary I-601A. Este es un artã ­culo informativo. No es asesorã ­a legitimate.

MODERN BUSINESS in Comparative Perspective (EXAM PREPARATION) Essay - 1

Present day BUSINESS in Comparative Perspective (EXAM PREPARATION) - Essay Example The populace in the urban communities expanded radically. There was an across the board discontent between the rich and poor people. This activated new change developments. Because of the expansion in American industry, numerous advancements developed and there was an incentive for the American merchandise. Furthermore, because of the utilization of machines, laborers had the option to create merchandise quicker than they could when utilizing hands. In addition, the accessibility of regular asset assumed a major job in the ascending of enormous business. In the UK, modern unrest started in the late 1700. Individuals make products in their homes utilizing hand devices or fundamental machines. Industrialization prompted the move and there was large scale manufacturing of products. The advancement of the steam motor assumed significant jobs in guaranteeing there was an improvement in the vehicle, correspondence, and banking industry. It likewise achieved business openings that prompted the improvement of the expectations for everyday comforts of the poor just as the regular workers. Prior to industrialization, individuals used to live in the rustic zone working on cultivating. The material business was changed by industrialization that were made in people’s homes. It was hard for dealers to manage their own calendars in the production of materials along these lines bringing about various wasteful aspects. What's more, the vehicle framework was likewise best in class from the utilization of pony attracted wagons to steamer afterwa rds steam ships. Late or recently, industrialization alludes to those nations whose degree of monetary improvement is between the creating and the main world arrangements (Wyatt, 2009). This implies that these nations have moved from the horticulture based economy to the industrialized urban economy. A portion of the nations that are industrialized incorporate Germany, China, and Japan. The improvement of a the railroad arrange affixed the transportation of merchandise from one

Common Slang Terms for Heroin

Common Slang Terms for Heroin Addiction Drug Use Heroin Print Common Slang Terms for Heroin By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on January 14, 2020 Diverse Images/UIG/Getty Images   More in Addiction Drug Use Heroin Cocaine Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In the culture surrounding illegal drugs, there are thousands of slang terms, nicknames and street names for every imaginable drug. Hundreds of those street terms are used for heroin, a highly addictive illegal drug.?? Slang terms for heroin are derived from a wide variety of sources, including the physical appearance and type of heroin; where its from; the effect it has on users; and how it is packaged for sale. Some street names for heroin are simply designed to cover up the topic of conversation and throw eavesdroppers off track. The Appearance of Heroin Some of the slang terms are based on the drugs appearance after it is cut and packaged for sale on the street. Some terms are based on the color of the drug and others on its composition. Black EagleBlack TarBlack PearlBrown CrystalBrown TapeBrown SugarBrown RhineDirtDieselGolden GirlOrange LineRed RockRed EagleRed ChickenSaltSpider BlueWhite StuffWhite NurseWhite JunkWhite StuffWhite NurseWhite Junk Place of Origin A few of the slang terms are derived from the supposed origin of the drug. Chinese RedMexican MudMexican Horse Effects of Heroin Many of the nicknames given to heroin over the years have to do with the effect it has on the user or the quality or pureness of the drug at the street level. Brain DamageDead on ArrivalHard StuffHard CandyHairyHell DustHoly TerrorJoy FlakesNice and EasyRush HourSweet Dreams Names Based on People and Characters Some of the most colorful street terms are the names of people or characters loosely associated with the drug or simply because their names start with the letter H. Sometimes, there seems to be no logic at all behind the nickname. Aunt HazelAl CaponeBatmanBart SimpsonBig HarryCharleyDooleyDr. FeelgoodGeorgeHarryHelenHazelHenryHombrePlutoRamboScottThe WitchThe Beast Terms Based on Packaging Some nicknames are based on how the drug is packaged by street-level dealers, either by the packagings appearance or cost. Big BagBlue BagBlue StarBrick GumNickel Deck Names Based on the Word Heroin Many of the slang terms are plays on the word heroin or are mispronunciations of the word. Others are used just because they begin with the letter H. Big HCapital HGalloping HorseHGood HorseGood HH CapsHayronHeroHeraHorse Names Based on Deception Like street terms for other illegal drugs, many of the slang terms for heroin are used for no other reason except they disguise the true topic of the conversation to others who might overhear. Some of these terms seem to have no other logical explanation. AriesAntifreezeBallotBig DoodigBozoBonitaBombs AwayBull DogFoilFerry DustLittle BoyNoiseReindeer DustScagSkagSmackTootsie Roll 5 Things Everyone Should Know About Heroin Addiction

Establishing A Small For Medium Enterprise ( Sme )

When establishing a small to medium enterprise (SME), it is vital that an entrepreneur considers establishment influences, which can determine the success or failure of a business. These establishment influences consist of those in the internal and external business environment, and include the business idea, market considerations and legal considerations and influence of government. THE BUSINESS IDEA Prior to the establishment phase, an entrepreneur must have a concept that has the possibility of establishing a profitable business. This is known as the business idea, and includes ideas related to products that are existing, have been improved or are unique. The key to establishing a lucrative business is identifying the gap in the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Winkiwoo was the first Facebook photo book application that allowed a quick, worldwide, affordable, and high quality service, giving it a competitive advantage which in turn has increased the success of the business. The business idea primarily determines the core activities and products of a business and through business opportunities businesses are able to meet the changing needs of consumers with or over its competitors. MARKET CONSIDERATIONS Through the business idea entrepreneurs must have a clear understanding of the goods and/or services which the business will produce, sell and where the business itself will be located. One of the first decisions an entrepreneur must make is what goods and/or services the potential business provide. An enterprise must tailor its products ensuring the needs of market are met, which can be done through market analysis, which involves collecting, and identifying opportunities of a business on the market. Through market analysis an entrepreneur/s is able to identify where the target group is located and determine the size of the market and consumer attitudes. To consumers products are benefits that satisfy their needs, hence entrepreneurs must consider tangible and intangible benefits of a product, ensuring that it meets safety standards. This is reflected in the case study of â€Å"Fresh espresso and food bar,† a small business providing healthy food and drinks located in Katoomba, NSW. Owners GuyShow MoreRelatedWhy the human resource management is important in small-medium Entrepreneur in UK1368 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Why the human resource management is important in small-medium Entrepreneur in UK Introduction The article analyzes the way of HRM practice in small-medium enterprises(SMEs) and the reason why it is important element for SMEs. Over the past years, small-medium enterprises play an increasingly significant role in European economy. It is mainly because European countries including UK have large amount of SMEs but with small scale of big enterprises. However, HRM, as an important part of a companyRead MoreFinancial and Strategic SWOT Analysis: MNC Versus SME1658 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: This report looks at the benefits and challenges SME in working with MNCs, and examines strategies for establishing SME-MNC connections and relationship, allowing them to open new horizon amp; improve their abilities to expand and prosper. For MNCs, working with SMEs can bring benefits such as lower costs, enhanced innovative capacity, and increased flexibility in responding to changing conditions. The JAR submission format would layout are in following sequence of: Introduction;Read MoreKey Drivers Of India s Economic Growth1859 Words   |  8 PagesStatement SMEs (Small and Medium enterprises) are one of the key drivers of India’s economic growth. Over the years a large number of small and medium size companies have grown in the market. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have been contributing so much towards the GDP of India. With their emergence and huge potential, the government of India launched regulated trading platforms for the SMEs, which allows them to get listed without bringing an IPO. The stock exchanges for these enterprises were introducedRead MoreSmes, Family Involvement, And Financial Management1580 Words   |  7 PagesSMEs, Family involvement, and Financial Management In the Philippines, MSMEs can be considered as the backbone of the economy as they are major contributors of job creation and play a vital role as providers of goods and services to large firms. In fact, 99.6% out of 941,174 establishments in 2013 are micro, small, and medium enterprises. However, the attrition rates for startup MSMEs in the country can go as high as 50 percent, which means that many MSMEs are having a difficult time keeping theirRead MoreSmall and Medium Enterprise in Bangladesh1989 Words   |  8 PagesThe Small and Medium Enterprises worldwide are recognized as engines of economic growth. The commonly perceived merits often emphasized for their promotion especially in the developing countries like Bangladesh include their relatively high labor intensity, dependence on indigenous skills and technology, contributions to entrepreneurship development and innovativeness and growth of industrial linkages. Out of 11% employment of the civilian labor force provided by t he manufacturing sector, about twoRead MoreSme in Philippines3578 Words   |  15 PagesINTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW Small and Medium-scale Enterprises plays an important role in economic development worldwide. Many developing countries in fact have placed Small and medium enterprise development and promotion on top of their economic agenda. With the failure of past industrialization policies favoring large enterprises to stimulate wide-ranging development, SMEs are being given renewed emphasis as engines of economic growth, employment potential and poverty alleviation. SMEs play an importantRead MoreImplementation Of Cloud Computing For Small And Medium Enterprises Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pages Implementation of cloud computing for small and medium enterprises By Naveen Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Cloud Computing Deployment Models 4 Cloud Computing Service Models: 4 Deployment models: 5 Public cloud: 5 Private Cloud: 5 Hybrid Cloud: 5 3. Solution: Appropriate deployment models for YEL (SME) 6 Cloud computing applications For YEL (SME): 6 4. Conclusion and recommendations: 7 1. Introduction In 21st century, the whole world is running withRead MoreThe Relevance of Information Technology in Managing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises2709 Words   |  11 PagesA PROPOSAL ON THE RELEVANCE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN MANAGING SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA. 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THE BUSINESS IDEA: Prior the establishment phase of an enterprise, an entrepreneurRead MoreAnalysis Of Small And Medium Sized Firms5763 Words   |  24 Pages CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION ENTREPRENEURSHIP; Analysis of small and medium sized firms (Small and medium scale enterprises: SMES) By Daniel Abioye, INTRODUCTION Small and medium sized firms play a prominent role in economic development (Osotimehi, et al. 2012). Hence it has been the underlining background to this study. The importance of SMES cannot be overemphasized in an economy. This is because they contribute to the creation of employment, free competitive market environments, inputs for large

Hitler in Power Essay - 1719 Words

Hitler is one of the greatest known dictators in our worlds history. He is said to be the Rousseau, the Mirabeau, the Robespierre and the Napoleon of his revolution; he was its Marx, its Lenin, its Trotsky and its Stalin. He was in fact a mad man, but at the same time a genius. Not only did he convince people to go to war just 20 years after World War 1, he also influenced an entire society to commit genocide on their own people. Hitlers actions may be found very interesting for people who are familiar with his childhood and education. Throughout this time period, he was made to feel inferior by his father and uneducated by his teachers and institutions. Although very little faith and pride was instilled in him as a young child or†¦show more content†¦He was not a bad artist, as his surviving paintings and drawings show, but he never showed any originality, or creative imagination. To fulfill his dream, he had moved to Vienna, the capital of Austria. This was where the Acad emy of arts was located. He failed the first time he tried for admission. In the next year, he tried again and was very sure of success. To his surprise, he failed again. In fact, the Dean of the academy was not very impressed with his performance, and gave him a really hard time by saying things such as, You will never be a painter. The rejection really crushed him, as he now reached a dead end. He could not apply to the school of architecture because he had no high-school diploma. During the next 35 years of his life, Hitler never forgot the rejection he received in the deans office that day. While living in Vienna, Hitler made his living by drawing small pictures of famous landmarks and selling them as post cards. He was always poor. He was also a regular reader of a small paper, which claimed that the Aryan race was superior to all and was destined to rule the world. The paper blamed Communists and Jews for all their problems and Hitler agreed with these views. He continued to live a poor life in Vienna. Although he lived in Vienna and was Austrian by birth, Hitler showed more loyalty to the German ethnicity. He believed that the Aryan race was destined to ruleShow MoreRelatedAdolf Hitler And Hitler s Power1421 Words   |  6 Pages Chancellor Adolf Hitler of Nazi Germany and Prime Minister Benito Mussolini of Italy Andrew Chen 6 February 2017 Period 4 Chen 2 Both Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler had the same burning, profound desire for their nations to become well-respected and invincible superpowers of the world. 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Because the leader of the Nazis, a nationalist and socialist party was signed in as the chancellor of Germany. His name, Adolf Hitler, has grown to be recognised as one of the most hated in history to this day. How did this malicious man grasp the power of Germany? It turns out that some of the causes sprouted from some of the darkestRead MoreHitler s Desire For Power1743 Words   |  7 Pages The day was January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was named chancellor of Germany (World War II in Europe). As Berlin celebrated proudly the night of, the rest of the world had little idea of the tragic consequences that lie ahead. Within months, Hitler and the new Nazi regime obtained power all over the country (The Holocaust Explained). Unlike the people of The Road and other societies where this occurred, it was not the German people themselves that suffered. Unless, of course, that German happenedRead MoreHitler and Stalin: Their Search for Power1178 Words   |  5 Pages Adolf Hitler was appointed German Chancellor on January 30, 1933. His regime brought citizens no guaranteed basic rights. In 1933, the first Nazi concentration camps were built. The initial camps imprisoned political opponents, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals, gypsies, and others classified as dangerous. During Hitler’s first six years, German Jews had more than 400 decrees and regulations. The fir st major law against the Jews was, the â€Å"Law for Restoration of the Professional Civil Service†Read MoreConsolidation of Power of Hitler and the Nazis1410 Words   |  6 PagesThe ease with which Hitler and the Nazis were able to consolidate their power by August 1934, was due to the combination of luck, manipulation of legal procedures and a willingness to be uterly ruthless. The Nazi position was extremly unstable and in shaky circumstances during January 193. However, after the events and actions taken to consolidate their power the Nazis grew stronger and became invulnerable for the time they were in power. Luck played an extremely significant role in the contributionRead MoreHitler s Rise Of Power1716 Words   |  7 PagesWhat or even who was accountable for Hitler’s rise to power? Many believe that there was only one contributing factor for his rise to power. Some state that Hitler could not have risen to power in any other than Germany, implying that he was nothing more than a product of German culture. From others perspective they believe that Hitler made himself dictator by means of his political genius. And yet still theirs others that profess it was the weak democratic government of the Weimar Republic or Germany’sRead MoreHow Hitler Came to Power649 Words   |  3 PagesHow Hitler Came to Power How is it that Hitler easily took control of Germany? Between the state of the economy and how the citizens were living all contributed to it. 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Hitler used two major skills to get power: persuasive rhetoric and cleverly worded statements to coverRead MoreHitler s Power For Good1719 Words   |  7 PagesHitler Should Have Used His †¨Power For Good During the Second World War, Hitler ruled Germany autocratically. If only he had used his power and popularity for good, he would have had much more success. Unfortunately, he did not, Hitler did many horrific things during his rule and negatively influenced many people’s lives. One of the things he caused was called the â€Å"Holocaust† This is when Hitler tried to rid Germany of the Jews and create the â€Å"Perfect race† (in his eyes) Hitler took over 17 million

Law as a Living Body Free Essays

Laws in America are constantly changing. With the changes that America has the laws do not get updated with the change of time. These laws are no longer enforced because they do not seem as bad with the changes in society. We will write a custom essay sample on Law as a Living Body or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are three phases that America operates its legal system. Law as a living body, Due process and protecting the rights of the accused. Laws are considered a living body because the laws have been changed and interpreted differently in different cases that laws have become like a living body. The living human body evolves and grows with time. The body adapts to the changes in society as does the law. Law on the books refers to the written laws. Law in action refers to the laws that are actively being used and punishable for. For example, in some states Adultery is against the law but is rarely enforced. This means the law of adultery is a law on the books not a law in action. A law in Action is a law such as sex abuse that is often enforced in every state. Objectivity of law is how and where the laws are made and interpreted. Legislatures create basic laws where judges and juries can interpret them. The living body theory refers to the way laws are constantly changing and evolving like a human body. The human body evolves and changes with the times. Due process is best defined in one word, fairness. Throughout the U. S. ‘s history, its constitutions, statutes and case law have provided standards for fair treatment of citizens by federal, state and local governments. These standards are known as due process. When a person is treated unfairly by the government, including the courts, he is said to have been deprived of or denied due process. In 1791, our Fifth Amendment rights protected all individuals, American born and immigrants, basic protection from the federal government regarding civil rights violations. The positives of due process are that a person must be proven guilty not proven innocent in the court of law. If the Officers that are investigated and prosecuting a person of a crime do not fallow the laws of due process from the very beginning to the end the case may be dismissed from court. The negatives of due process are that even a guilty person may be let free if due process laws are not fallowed correctly. Another negative is that due process focuses on the rights as individuals rather than on society as a whole. Prior to the attacks on 09/11/2001, Individuals were protected by the 4th amendment. The fourth amendment protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures. Law enforcement needed to have probable cause to gain a search warrant. President Bush passed the patriot act, allowing law enforcement the right to search or seize telephones, computers, medical information or financial records on any person who is suspected of terrorism. With the Patriot act probable cause is no longer needed if a person is suspected of terrorism. The Due process of Law was created to protect the rights of those accused of committing a crime. Some of these laws date to 100 years ago and some are new laws that were developed as a result of historical court cases. Cases such as, the fourth amendment, this protects all individuals from illegal search and seizures (Mapp v. Ohio, 1961) Our fifth amendment protects individuals from self-incrimination, (Miranda v.  Arizona, 1966) And the sixth amendment protects us from being interrogated without a counsel present (Escobedo v. Illinois, 1964) Law as a living body is constantly changing and will continue to grow with the change in times. We are still protected as citizens with the changes in society. Our rights as well as the rights of others will continue to be a priority in law enforcement. Law enforcement is meant to protect society from crime, not to cause it by not valuing the rights of citizens. As society changes, the laws will too. How to cite Law as a Living Body, Essay examples

Retail Store Segmentation for Target Market - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Retail Store Segmentation for Target Market. Answer: Introduction When an organization introduces its products and services in the market, it needs to choose the appropriate target audiences. For this, it uses different approaches of market segmentation and creates a set of customers with similar characteristics and behaviors. This report includes different ways, which can be implemented by an organization to segment its customers. There is discussion about some approaches of market segmentation along with their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, part B of the report includes the primary and secondary target market for the chosen organization, i.e. Starbucks. At the end, last section defines the positioning in general and then positioning process and statement of Starbucks. The report analyzes how an organization can target its customers and audiences for new products and services. Segmentation Approaches Segmenting the audiences is an important and common strategy that is used in marketing process to break down a larger market into small and identical groups of consumers. It is the first step in the target marketing process and aims on recognizing the groups of buyers, who have similar needs and wants. Under this process, the company chooses different segmentation variables, which are readily available and very easy to measure (Elliott, Rundle-Thiele Waller, 2014). Market research has an important role in understanding the connection between segmentation variables and buying behavior of customers. To become effective in todays competitive business environment, market segmentation should be done on the basis of up-to-date and accurate understanding of the purchasing behaviors and needs of customers and how these demands are changing. An organization can segment the audiences by considering their different characteristics, i.e. psychographic, behavioral, geographic, demographic charac teristics (Cross, Belich Rudelius, 2015). Before targeting the markets, it evaluates the potential segments by analyzing some factors, like; market potential, cost structure and competitive situation. The organization needs to consider the costs, which are included in communicating the products to satisfy the needs of potential segment. Moreover, it can estimate the sales potential by assessing thee competitive situation of organization in the market. With this analysis, it can make the decisions for, which the market segments it will aim and which it will not consider. It will ensure that companys products and services will meet the needs and demands of each segment (Weinstein Cahill, 2014). There are four segmentation approaches, which can be used by a company, are stated below; Demographic Approach Demographic Approach is one of the major approaches of market segmentation, under which an organization segments the market on the basis of demographic characteristics. These demographic characteristics are related to the measureable social characteristics of people. These are the mostly used variables for segmenting the market. Under this approach, the segmentation is done on the basis of different variables, like; gender, age, family size, occupation, income, race, nationality and religion of population (Wedel, Kamakura, 2012). Advantages There are some advantages of demographic segmentation, like; it is very simple to implement and use, because the quantifiable and statistical data is readily available in most of the markets. The required information and data can be acquired cheaply and very quickly. If the company segments the market on the basis of demographic variables, it is very easy to understand for its all people, like; management, sales and customer service staff. The market may have strong competition and this segmentation makes it very easy to identify what products to target to who and what kind of promotional techniques to utilize (Andaleeb, 2016). Disadvantages The major disadvantage of demographic segmentation is that this approach is done on the basis of assumption that people in same demographic group will have identical requirements. For example, not all 25 year old people have similar needs. Thus, the major limitation with this approach is that it provides little understanding about the customers. This segmentation may direct to the proliferation of goods. If the organization markets the products narrowly, it can decrease the development of extensive brand equity (Winston, Cahill, 2013). Geographic Approach Geographic segmentation is done on the basis of some geographic variables, like; region, climate, local population etc. These variables are the consistent predictors of needs and buying behaviors of customers for variety of products. Advantages and disadvantages of this approach are given below; Advantages This is very valuable approach for large corporations, which runs operations in many nations. It allows them to look at the cultural differences. It tends to work effectively in the countries and areas, where there are major differences in socio-economic situations in different areas. Disadvantages This approach of market segmentation is limited because it assumes that all of the customers in an area have similar requirements and demands (Hollensen, 2015). This approach needs to be used in combination with other approach. By using two approaches, a company can target the people. Psychographic Approach Like geographic and demographic variables, psychographic variables are considered on the basis of characteristics of customers. There may be differences in lifestyles, psychological traits, interests, hobbies, social status etc. This approach assists in understanding the customers by recognizing their mindsets and how they are articulated in their life styles. Advantages This approach provides a better insight in the consumer as a person that more likely direct to the recognition of underlying requirements and objectives. It can deliver a better understanding of the people that in turn can create more responsive and valid segments and marketing plans. By implementing this approach, marketers can understand the interests, expectations, hobbies and needs of customers effectively (Brown, Suter Churchill, 2017). Disadvantages The major challenge under this approach is that it needs that company has detailed information about customers. Thus, it is only suitable for the large companies, not for smaller companies. It can be very expensive because it requires extensive research, i.e. both qualitative and quantitative. Behavioral Approach Like all above characteristics, behavioral segmentation is not done on the basis of customer characteristics and on the basis of actual purchasing behavior towards products and services of company. Behavioral variables are such as; brand loyalty, expectations regarding benefits, usage, decision making pattern and behavior (Armstrong, Kotler, Harker, Brennan,2015). Advantages This approach of segmentation is utilized in the matured markets, where the companies are seeking to understand how to encourage non-users and transform the medium users to the heavy users. This approach is more suitable for the competitive industries and there is better consideration of factors, like; consumption rates and loyalty. Disadvantages This approach does not seek that why the people buy the products and services, their lifestyles and requirements. Thus, the market understanding level is not very high. It is dependent on the market intelligence and needs experimentation and market testing. Thus, an organization can implement these approaches of market segmentation, which are both advantageous and disadvantageous for the company. These assist the company in understanding the needs and demands of customers and segmenting the market. The marketers can implement the above approaches according to the nature of company and its products and services. Target Market for the Organization Starbucks Corporation is a popular coffee house chain and coffee company in United States of America. It is a successful retailer and promoter of fame coffee all over the world. Company is having good position in the coffee and beverages industry (Starbucks, 2017). As of 2016, it owns 23,768 stores across the world. Its stores serve both cold and hot drinks, whole-bean coffee, instant coffee, like; caffe latte, espresso, fresh juices etc. In addition to this, it offers snacks also, like; crackers and chips. Currently, it holds approximate 33 percent of market shares in US coffee market. The target market for the products and services of this company is vast. When the company introduces its new products in the market, it targets a specific market on the basis of market segmentation (Schultz, 2012). Using above approaches of market segmentation, Starbucks has to decide that how many and which areas to approach. This process is known as targeting. The target market profile of Starbucks is divided in two segments, like; primary target market and secondary target market. The target market for Starbucks is stated below; Primary Market Primary target customers are founded by analyzing the data or information from emphasizing on those, who drink prepackaged coffee at their home. The organization is targeting the market on the basis of demographic and psychographic characteristics. Under demographic segmentation, the primary target market of this company includes both male and female from the age group of 24 to 40 years old. It is targeting the people of higher income level and graduates. Moreover, it is targeting the people of different social classes, like; upper middle, lower middle and middle class. These are the customers, who account for half of its business revenues. Primary Target market of Starbucks increases at a rate of 3 percent every year (Bilgic, Kantardzic, Cakir 2015). Secondary Market Secondary market of the company is the second most significant customer segment, which the marketers wish to target. It may have fewer needs and demands for the companys products. Under this market, Starbucks is targeting both male and female from the age group of 18 to 23 years old. Furthermore, it is considering the students and under-graduates people as the prices of products are high and they cannot be afforded by them. In this market, the needs and demands of Starbucks coffee and drinks are lower than primary target market. Starbucks is using effective decision criteria by understanding that Starbucks is not just brand of coffee, but it is like an experience, which a customer is valuing in the morning in coffee time. It is making the decision by believing that products and services of the company are costly, but trending, so it is targeting the above audiences (Armstrong, et al, 2015). It has decided by considering different consumer segments in the coffee market, i.e. In-home vs. Out of house and Ground coffee vs. instant coffee. This part shows that Starbucks has used demographic and socio-economic approaches to target the market. Making this decision is beneficial for the sales and profits of the company in todays competitive business environment. Positioning Positioning is an overall strategy of a company, which targets to make a brand approach a unique position, comparative to competitors in the mind of customers (Tu, Wang Chang,2012). It refers to the place, which a company sets in the customers mind and how it is differentiated from the goods and services of competitors. It describes how the targeted customers perceive the offers of company relative to the offers of competitors. Positioning is totally based on the customer perceptions that may or may not resemble with the objective features of products. Positioning of Starbucks Utilizing Effective positioning enables an organization to provide the value requirements as per its target markets. After making decisions on target markets, companies decide that what position it desires to occupy in target market. So, it makes major focus on some significant attributes, like; quality, price, product, competitor etc. Starbucks places itself as a high priced coffee brand that wishes to sell products with high quality to the young generations with the average income or who have the potential to earn the money (Dudoyskiv, 2017). This organization wants to become a high quality coffee brand in the perception of its potential customers. The major competitors of Starbucks are Costa and Dunkin Donuts, which have placed themselves same as Starbucks. In addition to this, Starbucks is also using adaptive positioning, under which it has developed low calories coffee beverages, i.e. Chai Tea Latte and Caffe Misto as the health consciousness is increasing among customers (Gallaugher, Ransbotham, 2010). Furthermore, it positions itself under standby positioning, where some beverages of Starbucks like; Frappuchino has to wait for the changes in market for a specific period to search its needs and demand. This organization has understood the opinions of public, however it takes long time to produce, but after energizing, it can assist pulling the organization into the competitive market (Tu, et al., 2012). Thus, Starbucks is using effective strategies for choosing its primary and secondary target markets and positioning itself among these targeted audiences efficiently. It is very important to use effective positioning to attract a large base of customers towards new products and services of the company. Each and every company should use an appropriate segmentation approach to select target audiences and place the products in market by using effective positioning. References Andaleeb, S. S. (2016). Market Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning. InStrategic Marketing Management in Asia: Case Studies and Lessons across Industries(pp. 179-207). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. 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