The Process to Ensuring Equality between Men and Women

The process to ensuring equality between men and women started a few decades back. However, despite the steps taken towards equality, we are still far from been able to say that equality exist regarding women right to gain entrance to all spheres of society (Fabrega, 2009). Women experience stronger boundaries and thus depend on various techniques for advancement and pay contrary to those of their male colleagues (Lyness and Thompson, 2000). Also, women are often discriminated in different forms such as wage gaps, lack of promotion, sexual harassment, career development opportunities denial and job segregation. Bartol, 2003; Cleveland, 2000; Powell, 2003 asserted in their research on gender and management, that the issue of women in management have become polarized or marginalized. In other words, it can be said that there is a glass ceiling preventing women from career advancement. This is because in our present day world, women are been stereotyped as not been capable to take hig h level position (professors, managers, Engineers). Therefore, this paper will explore the workplace barriers that women face in areas such as pay gap and promotion particularly in higher education. Brief Overview of Glass Ceiling The concept of the ‘Glass ceiling’ was enacted into the US system in 1979. Glass ceiling is a term that symbolizes the boundaries confronted by women and minorities as they try to improve their employment status. Numerous studies affirmed that in other to beShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Female Voters Identification With The Political System1382 Words   |  6 Pageswith the political system – and in turn, their sense of being able to influence the decision-making process, making their participation worthwhile. 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Gender Scripts InRead MoreStereotypes1401 Words   |  6 PagesThose who deny biological advantages for either sex are flying in the face of scientific evidence (Moir and Moir 2000, p118.) Ensuring equality between men and women is taking on a new appearance. As we mature as a culture and continue to strive for the rights of citizens to become truly equal in the social context of our lives, regardless of race or gender (religion has a lot further to go in this area), we are presented with new obstacles to overcome. Sure, as adult citizens we may feel that there

What´s a Literature Review Essays - 1818 Words

Introduction A literature review is a study written by someone on a specific topic by researching relevant literature available and interpreting it (Aveyard, 2010). A research question is developed and by using relevant literature the question is analysed in detail (Aveyard, 2010). The literature review is important because it gives you a shorter version of all relevant literature on the topic chosen, this is so the reader does not have to access the number of literatures used (Aveyard, 2010). The writer will conduct a literature review on the following hypotheses: Urban Art is reducing illegal graffiti at Albion station, this is followed by the research question: Is urban art at Albion station reducing illegal graffiti? In the†¦show more content†¦Drug lords use this to impersonate political parties and their campaign (Salopek, 2011). This form of graffiti and how it is used is different compared to the Egyptian times, the Egyptians graffiti consisted of markings or drawings on rocks and walls, an example is seen on temple walls where Egyptians and travellers have made their marks, this wall is as long as the Nile (Gopnik (2011). History of graffiti is seen all over the world in Australia graffiti go back to 1905 where Aboriginal carvings in caves and stone where found these carvings helped to tell the story of the people who had lived in that area (Winchester, Davidson, O’Brien, 1996). The first signs of graffiti in New York were people from a low privileged background trying to voice the boundaries between race and class (Gopnik (2011). In Libya graffiti was used to express freedom, it was used to voice forbidden thoughts in public but today graffiti is less about politics and religion and more about personal style and art (Gopnik (2011). Today makers, pens, paint and the most popular material, spray paint, are used to do graffiti. It is more about looking good and artistic self-expression, it can include drawings and words that some people may call art and some may call it vandalism (Gopnik (2011). 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This chapter will provide information and background on my chosen topic and explain why it is currently relevant. Furthermore is will also explain the aims and objectives of the literature review. 1.1. Background and rationale This chapter will provide information and backgroundRead MoreWhat Factors Are Involved in the Increasing Prevalence of Type II Diabetes in Adolescents living in Sub-Saharan Africa?1279 Words   |  6 Pagespredispose these individuals to development of type II diabetes early in life. Type II diabetes has numerous significant effects that can affect the quality of life of an individual which could successively affect the economy of a nation. PRELIMINARY LITERATURE REVIEW The prevalence of type II diabetes is rising and was estimated globally to be 285 million by 2010. Type II diabetes is managed by prescription of drugs to individuals who have a very high level of blood glucose. 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As I understand it from my reading and the reviewers’ comments, the aim of this manuscript is to provide a systematic review of criticality in the managementRead MoreHow to Write a Thesis Proposal1055 Words   |  5 Pagesordinary terms, your proposal explains what you want to study, how you will study this topic, and why this topic needs to be studied. PARTS OF THE THESIS PROPOSAL TITLE †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ State the tentative title of your proposal. †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ The title should give a clear indication of the topic being studied. EXAMPLE: From the thesis of Kimberly Manabat BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ It is in this section that you will orient the reader to the problem you seek to solve. †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ What is the aim of your study. EXAMPLE:

Animal Farm Squealer free essay sample

Literature Honors 15 August 2012 Squealer In the book Animal Farm, by George Orwell, there were many animals that were concerned about self-preservation. Of these characters Squealer was the most concerned. Squealer is a pig that lives on Animal Farm and is held as a figure of high authority. Besides the farms leader Comrade Napoleon, Squealer has the biggest role of leadership on the farm. There are many ways that Squealer shows his concern of self-preservation. Squealer is very often encouraging the animals to support Napoleon and follow his rules.He uses his authority to threaten animals into doing what he wants. At times, Squealer tricks the animals into believing that the things he is doing will benefit them when in the end they don’t. Squealer shows his concern of self-preservation by taking actions to keep power and protect himself. The most important thing that Squealer does to show that he is concerned about self-preservation is that he supports everything that Napoleon says or does. By doing this Squealer knows that Napoleon will protect him.He sees that if he shows strong support for Comrade Napoleon and encourages the other animals to support him too, then Napoleon will protect him and give him perks such as sleeping in beds and drinking alcohol. When the animals are upset with a decision that Comrade Napoleon makes Squealer says, â€Å"No one believes more firmly than Comrade Napoleon that all animals are equal. He would be only too happy to let you make your decisions for yourselves. But sometimes you might make the wrong decisions, comrades, and then where should we be? † (Orwell 59).Although Squealer may not believe that what he is saying is true, he knows that if he says that Napoleon will continue to watch over him. After a while, the animals on the farm started to fully trust Comrade Napoleon. At this point Boxer, a horse on the farm, started to live by the motto â€Å"If Comrade Napoleon says it, it must be right† (Orwell 81). This was a sign that Squealer was succeeding at convincing the animals that Napoleon was the best leader. In addition to supporting Napoleon, Squealer uses the authority earned in negative ways towards the animals living on the farm.Since he is smart and can read and write he is automatically a person of high authority. Comrade Napoleon uses Squealer as his messenger and spy. â€Å"Afterwards Squealer was sent round the farm to explain the new arrangements to the others† (Orwell 59). Once Squealer decides to team up with Napoleon the animals become afraid of him. â€Å"The animals were not certain what the word meant, but Squealer spoke so persuasively, and the three dogs who happened to be with him growled so threateningly, that they accepted his explanation without further questions† (Orwell 62).The animals are scared of Napoleon because he makes all the rules and can do whatever he wants without consequences. â€Å"Four young porkers in the front row uttered shrill squeals of disapproval, and all of them sprang to their feet and began speaking at once. But suddenly the dogs sitting round Napoleon let out deep, menacing growls, and the pigs fell silent and sat down again. † (Orwell 59) When Squealer convinces the animals on the Animal Farm that their former leader was a spy, who was working for Mr.Jones, it helps build the trust they have in Squealer and Napoleon. The animals on the farm are treated with much less respect than Squealer, the other pigs, and Napoleon; because of this these other animals seem to believe whatever the smarter animals say. When the animals questioned why the pigs could stay in the house but they couldn’t Squealer replied, â€Å"that the pigs, who were the brains of the farm, should have a quiet place to work in† (Orwell 69).All of the things that he is doing help him stay on good terms with Napoleon and protect himself from the other animal s. Since the majority of the animals on the farm are not very smart it is easy for them to be tricked into things that will in the end only benefit the other pigs. â€Å"At the foot of the end wall of the big barn, where the Seven Commandments were written, there lay a ladder broken in two pieces. Squealer, temporarily stunned, was sprawling beside it, and near at hand there lay a lantern, a paint-brush, and an overturned pot of white paint† (Orwell 102).He had been changing the Seven Commandments so that they fit the lifestyle that Napoleon wanted to live. â€Å"They had thought that the Fifth Commandment was, â€Å"No animal shall drink alcohol,† but there were two words that they had forgotten. Actually the Commandment read; â€Å"No animal shall drink alcohol to excess† (Orwell 103). This Commandment really only applies to the pigs because they were the only ones who can access alcohol. After almost all of the Commandments had been altered Clover notices the wall was ooking different and asked Benjamin to read it for her. â€Å"He read out to her what was written on the wall. There was nothing there now except a single Commandment. It ran Squealer shows his concern about self-preservation by using authority against the animals, encouraging the animals to follow Napoleon, and tricking the animals into believing him. All of the things that he does on the farm are to build trust with the animals, especially Comrade Napoleon. Throughout the events of the book Squealer’s intelligence helps him. It might come off like Squealer is just greedy for power but gaining power and taking charge is his way of protecting himself from animals on the farm or other strangers who come to Animal Farm.

The Irony Of Liberation Essay Example For Students

The Irony Of Liberation Essay Though this paper had a few punctuation problems, I made a B+ on it and this is a sophmore level class. The Irony of LiberationWhen the liberators came, they came with hope of eliminating the torture and inhumanity the Nazi Germans were imposing on the Jews. Men and women came with the hope of releasing victims from the evil claw that had grasped Jews for so long. Some liberators came with the idea that the Jews would be given a new life, a life of freedom. However, freedom was far from what Jews were given after liberation. To the many Jews, who stood on the other side of the barbed wire fence, liberation was not a time to celebrate. Yet, it was a time to try to pick up what particles of life that remained. As Lucille Eichengreen explains in her testimonial story of liberation day, liberation was not about freedom. It was expected that there would be casualties of war. U.S and Russian army men had seen victims of war before, RO and nothing could be shocking. Or could it? As army men approached the barbed wire fences, many gasped in horror, turned their heads, and some men became sick. With their fingers ringed tightly around metal threads, Jewish souls stood, gazing at young healthy men. Empty eyes gazed back at these young and healthy bodies, bodies that were an inadvertent insult to the half-living. Time was motionless at one moment, and fast-forwarded the next. After all that had happened, were these victims really free? Was it a time to celebrate? Where would they go now? Who would take them? Much less, who would believe that such inhumanity happened? The looks received by nurses were not looks that showed sympathy, nor compassion, but instead offered back the images of Nazi ideology; the idea that Jews were filthy, weak and feeble people. And they were, but not by their own free will. We will write a custom essay on The Irony Of Liberation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Though color seemed to be restored as liberators approached, it also brought back the color of emotions. For so long, Jews had numbed themselves to the atrocities they faced each day. Being free now meant looking for remnants of life. For many, liberation was simply a reminder of all that was lost. Eichengreen explains, Despite our liberation, I was totally without hope (340). There were those who thought of their loved ones who fell victim to the wrath of Hitlers final solution. While others, especially children wondered who would care for them. Many felt guilty that they survived and their friends and family did not. For many, liberation was not an immediate invitation to a new life. Recalling liberation day, Eichgreen says, I had dreamed of a great party, with fanfare, music, dancing and fireworks. There was, however, only renewed sorrow for the dead and little hope for the living(342). Those who found the strength to journey back home were hit even harder by former neighbors. As former Jewish residents came home, many were told to leave, despite the liberation. There were also those less fortunate, who had no home to return to, known as Displaced Persons. Along with the displaced persons, lived Nazi sympathizers, who routinely practiced anti-Semitic behaviors. So again, the question arises: Were the Jews really liberated?Though all may have seemed lost, one must keep in mind that the Jews are survivors. And survive is what they did. Just shortly after liberation, Jewish strangers were marrying, children were born and life prevailed. Though Jewish people will never be liberated from the nightmares of Hitlers reign, perhaps the ability to replenish life through new birth, will. BibliographyImages from The Holocaust: A Literature AnthologyJean E. Brown, Elainw C. Stephens, Janet E. Rubin

Writing Lyrics for Songs

Writing Lyrics for Songs Writing Lyrics for Songs Writing Lyrics for Songs By Michael It used to be that when people thought of songwriting, they didnt think of great writing. Then Bob Dylan won the Nobel Prize for literature. Dylan wasnt the first songwriter whose work has been respected by literary critics. You might be surprised how much ancient poetry was originally written to be sung. From certain vanished cultures, songs are the only literature that has survived. Before the invention of mass media technology, songs were the mass media the original news media. So if youre a songwriter, be proud. You have a distinguished and honorable heritage. Writing poetry or verse is good training for any writer. The discipline of a poetic structure teaches you rhythm and beat, which is part of language itself, as texture is part of paint. Yes, we all dislike limits to our creativity. But occasionally having to fit your writing into a rhyme or a meter doesnt hamper your creativity, it can enhance it. Dont you sometimes have trouble thinking of the next word to write? But once you know that word needs to rhyme with stone, or that it needs to begin with an unaccented syllable and end with an accented syllable, it might become easier to find the word. Even if you would never consider yourself a songwriter, in some ways writing song lyrics is better training than simply writing poetry or verse. Remember you dont need to be a musician to write the lyrics to a song. Someone else can write the music. But when you write poetry to be sung, you benefit from a stricter discipline and get a better education in writing. The school of lyrics When you write poetry that isnt meant to be heard (and most poetry should be heard), you can easily escape some of the discipline that you are supposed to be learning from. Personally, I cant tell if Im following the right metrical scheme unless I read what Im writing out loud. But if I have to sing it, the melody enforces the rhythm. It forces me to limit the number of syllables in the line, just as Im supposed to. Theres still room for flexibility, as I call it, or cheating, as you may call it. If you are an experienced singer, maybe you can slip in extra syllables or stretch out a syllable to make the words fit the tune. But another singer might not be able to do it so smoothly nor may they want to. If you want to write a song that is sung widely, even by the public, Im afraid you need to make the syllables fit neatly with the tune. This hard limit of so many syllables per line can drive a lyricist to frustration or possibly to jazz. Jazz is one musical tradition that welcomes improvisation and therefore welcomes longer line lengths. But again, irregular rhythms are harder to memorize, which is why few people sing John Coltrane on the way to work or school. While other writers can write longer sentences, paragraphs or chapters whenever they want, a lyricist may have to fit his or her thoughts into lines of ten words, or verses of four (not three) lines. I have been writing songs for most of my life, but the challenge of fitting words into a limited line makes me very slow. I can rarely fit a complete thought in one line; I frequently cant fit a single thought in a single verse. I wrote a Christmas song of five verses at the rate of one verse a year. Words and music Which comes first: the lyrics or the melody? That depends on the songwriter. The Broadway musical team of Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II wrote lyrics first, then music. Same with pop star Elton John and Bernie Taupin, his lyricist. But other songwriters, such as Paul Simon, usually start with the melody. Sometimes the lyrics and the melody are created together, in a jam session or a recording studio. Early in their career, John Lennon and Paul McCartney of the Beatles would write eyeball to eyeball as Lennon put it. Competing with each other helped their songs and hurt their relationship. In â€Å"track and hook† songwriting, a producer records basic elements such as the rhythm and chord progression and sends out the recording to â€Å"top line writers† who add other elements, such the hook, verses, chorus or bridge. For Gilbert and Sullivan of light opera fame, W.S. Gilbert would send lyrics to Arthur Sullivan by mail, as I recall. Sullivan would open the envelope, read the lyrics, then go for a walk, no doubt humming to himself. By the time he returned from his walk, he would have a tune fixed in his mind. Tips for writing lyrics Live songs dont rewind. Unlike readers of a book, listeners at a concert who didnt catch a word or a line cant go back a page and re-read the part of the song they missed. In his article 24 lyric-writing tips, Chris Wickett says, Remember that the listeners might miss a word, or a line, or three. Dont rely on just one small line to put the whole song in context. Dont over-rhyme. Structure is good, but too many rhymes can sound cutesy or annoying. A song can tolerate slant rhymes better than it can tolerate missing syllables. Be short, simple, and sweet. Graham English calculates that Bruce Springsteens Born to Run album averages 281 words per song. The Beatles’ Abbey Road averages 102 and Let It Be averages 139. Be specific, be intimate, be concrete. Andrea Stolpe who teaches songwriting at Berklee Online and the University of Southern California, says, Bring your listener into an experience of a small moment. Tell a story that shows your heart. You dont need to be profound. Jesse Sterling Harrison advises lyricists to be just slightly enigmatic. Nor do you need to be grandiose. No! I am not Frank Sinatra, nor was meant to be. Dont rush yourself. Rod Stewart says, Ill come up with one line in a day, and then it might be a couple of days before I come up with the rhyming line. Accept criticism but dont be too critical. Your lyric wont be instantly perfect, but if you can take advice, you can improve faster. Be quiet. James Taylor told NPRs Noah Adams, I think songs need to come out of really, out of a state of boredom almost as much as anything else. You need to have empty time in order to receive them. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Masters Degree or Master's Degree?225 Foreign Phrases to Inspire YouWhat’s the Best Way to Refer to a Romantic Partner?

Fiji Geography Information

Fiji Geography Information Population: 944,720 (July 2009 estimate)Capital: SuvaArea: 7,055 square miles (18,274 sq km)Coastline: 702 miles (1,129 km)Highest Point: Mount Tomanivi at 4,344 feet (1,324 m)Fiji, officially called the Republic of the Fiji Islands, is an island group located in Oceania between Hawaii and New Zealand. Fiji is made up of 332 islands and only 110 are inhabited. Fiji is one of the most developed Pacific Islands and has a strong economy based on mineral extraction and agriculture. Fiji is also a popular tourist destination because of its tropical landscape and it is fairly easy to get to from the western United States and Australia. Fijis History Fiji was first settled about 3,500 years ago by Melanesian and Polynesian settlers. Europeans did not arrive on the islands until the 19th century but upon their arrival, many wars broke out between the various native groups on the islands. After one such war in 1874, a Fijian tribal chief named Cakobau ceded the islands to the British which officially began British colonialism in Fiji. Under British colonialism, Fiji experienced the growth of plantation agriculture. Native Fijian traditions were also for the most part maintained. During World War II soldiers from Fiji joined the British and the Allies in battles at the Solomon Islands.On October 10, 1970, Fiji officially became independent. Following its independence, there were hostilities around how Fiji would be governed and in 1987 a military coup took place to prevent an Indian-led political party from taking power. Shortly thereafter, there were ethnic hostilities in the country and stability was not retained until the 1990s.In 1998, Fiji adopted a new constitution that specified that its government would be run by a multiracial cabinet and in 1999, Mahendra Chaudhry, Fijis first Indian prime minister took office. Ethnic hostilities continued, however, and in 2000 armed soldiers staged another governmental coup which eventually caused an election in 2001. In September of that year, Laisenia Qarase was sworn a s Prime Minister with a cabinet of ethnic Fijians. In 2003 however, Qarases government was declared unconstitutional and there was an attempt to once again install a multiethnic cabinet. In December of 2006, Qarase was removed from office and Jona Senilagakali was appointed as the interim prime minister. In 2007, Frank Bainimarama became prime minister after Senilagakali resigned and he brought more military power into Fiji and refused democratic elections in 2009.In September 2009, Fiji was removed from the Commonwealth of Nations because this act failed to put the country on track to forming a democracy. Government of Fiji Today Fiji is considered a republic with a chief of state and head of government. It also has a bicameral Parliament that is made up of a 32-seat Senate and a 71-seat House of Representatives. 23 of the House seats are reserved for ethnic Fijians, 19 for ethnic Indians and three for other ethnic groups. Fiji also has a judicial branch that is comprised of a Supreme Court, a Court of Appeal, a High Court, and Magistrates Courts. Economica and Land Use In Fiji Fiji has one of the strongest economies of any Pacific island nation because it is rich in natural resources and is a popular tourist destination. Some of Fijis resources include forest, mineral and fish resources. Industry in Fiji is largely based on tourism, sugar, clothing, copra, gold, silver and lumber. In addition, agriculture is a large part of Fijis economy and its chief agricultural products are sugarcane, coconuts, cassava, rice, sweet potatoes, bananas, cattle, pigs, horses, goats, and fish. Geography and Climate of Fiji The country of Fiji is spread across 332 islands in the South Pacific Ocean and is located closest to Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands. Much of Fijis terrain is varied and its islands consist mainly of small beaches and mountains with a volcanic history. The two largest islands that are a part of Fiji are Viti Levu and Vanua Levu.Fijis climate is considered tropical marine and therefore has a mild climate. It does have some slight seasonal variations and tropical cyclones are common and typically occur in the region between November and January. On March 15, 2010, a large cyclone struck Fijis northern islands. More Facts About Fiji Fijis official languages are English, Fijian, and HindiThe literacy rate in Fiji is 93%Ethnic Fijians make up 57% of Fijis population while Indo-Fijians make up 37% References Central Intelligence Agency. (2010, March 4). CIA - the World Factbook - Fiji. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fj.htmlInfoplease. (n.d.). Fiji: History, Geography, Government, Culture -Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/country/fiji.htmlUnited States Department of State. (2009, December). Fiji (12/09). Retrieved from: state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1834.htm

Within strategic management of business, 'gap analysis' is the process Essay

Within strategic management of business, 'gap analysis' is the process of asking where are we now, where do we want to be - Essay Example At the corporate level, there are challenges from the rival companies, unpredictability of the market, dynamic consumer behaviour, etc. Moreover, political situation of the twenty-first century involves the working of complex democracies together with dynamic economic trends. The recent wave of economic slowdown has helped us to discern the importance of strategy setting and analysis in the context of corporate governance. Strategic management is thus increasingly involving an analytical approach to understand what a company actually does in relation to what it can potentially do. Executive Summary Gap analysis is the process of exploring certain questions in relation to the company’s present, potential and future performances. The paper will examine analytical instrument by interrelating it with the concepts of the strategic management of business. Strategic management and gap analysis are explained. Interrelations between the two processes are chalked out. Case examples are discussed to elucidate these interrelations. The Analytical and Strategic Approaches Introduction: The following discussion would explain and analyse gap analysis and strategic management. Discussion: In economics and business, gap analysis is a sort of tool which would help a corporation to compare its real time performance with the performance it is potentially capable of. This analytical approach is rather question answer based and from the perspective of the company, the questions are: 1. Where are we now? 2. Where do we want to be? 3. How can we get there? Gap analysis helps the company to obtain critical information so that the frontiers of production probabilities are not compromised (Cummins, 2008). The sphere of strategic management, on the other hand, deals with the principle emergent and intended initiations taken in the context of corporate governance which would involve resource allocation and utilisation, performance enhancement and adjustment with the external environ ments (Nag, Hambrick and Chen, 2007). Further, strategic management would refine the company affairs at the level of fierce corporate rivalry (Hamel and Prahalad, 1994). Summary: 1. Discussion on gap analysis 2. Discussion on strategic management Relation between Strategic Management and Gap Analysis Introduction: The following section explores that how gap analysis facilitates the implementation of the concepts of strategic management. Discussion: The main points of strategic management are: 1. Process of strategy development 2. Linking strategic capabilities with the external environment 3. Strategically designing the management, production and marketing processes 4. Optimisation of fiscal performance (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2008) Gap analysis helps the process of strategy development by finding out the difference between the company’s present and potential performances. Gap analysis thus facilitates strategic improvement of HR, R&D, logistics, etc. Gap analysis also relates to the company’s behaviour with respect to the external environment by monitoring its performance in the contemporary circumstances. Gap analysis considers all the processes and project life cycles involved in the functionary of the organisation, hence it helps to improve the management, production, marketing and fiscal activities. When the crucial question of quality control arises, benchmarking for the quest of optimal performance becomes mandatory and thus gap analysis becomes supplementary to the strategic management of business. (Camp, 1989) Gap analysis provides the company with a graphical aid that is used to communicate areas where the firm does not meet a benchmark. Process optimisation, which is a key